Nationalism

Nationalism in Germany
Germany was united in 1871 as a result of the Franco-Prussian War, and she rapidly became the strongest economic and military power in Europe. From 1871 to 1890, Germany wanted to preserve her hegemony in Europe by forming a series of peaceful alliances with other powers. After 1890, Germany was more aggressive. She wanted to build up her influence in every part of the world. German foreign policy in these years was best expressed by the term 'Weltpolitik' (World Politics). Because German ambitions were extended to many parts of the globe, Germany came into serious conflicts with all other major powers of Europe (except Austria-Hungary) from 1890 to 1914.

__**Italy**__
camillio canvar

Nationalism in Italy
Italy was unified in 1870. She was barely powerful enough to be counted as a great power. Her parliamentary system was corrupt and inefficient. Her industrial progress was slow. But Italy had great territorial ambitions. She wanted Tunis and Tripoli in northern Africa. This brought her into conflicts with France because Tunis was adjacent to the French colony, Algeria, and was long regarded by France as French sphere of influence. Italy also wanted Italia Irredenta--Trieste, Trentio and Tyrol. Although the majority of the people in these places were Italians, they were kept under the rule of the Dual Monarchy. Thus Italy came into serious conflicts with Austria-Hungary.

Giuseppe was a leader in italy and was called the sword of italy. he was forced to flee italy twice because of his nationalism actives. he retruned to italy to fight to free italy from austrian domination. giuseppe was asked to lead the sardinian army and he accepted. he called his army the red shirts. they was shirts because they wanted to be notice.

Itly faced a problem because it wasn't industialized. they had differences among the italian. the catholic church didn't see italy as a country. they country was poor and widefy there was nothing, they starting deciding they need reforns, the decided to have labor time law and child labor laws. they started building transprtation and water systems. they built a allience with austis hungry and germany gamm the triple allience. lastity they look control over eitheopia.

Nationalism in Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary was established as the Dual Monarchy in 1867. The Dual Monarchy ruled over a large empire consisting of many nationalities, but only the Austrians (racially they were German) and the Hungarians had the right to rule. The other nationalities Czechs, Slovaks, Serbs, Croats, Rumanians and Poles resented their loss of political freedom. They desired for political independence. Thus the policy of the Dual Monarchy was to suppress the nationalist movements both inside and outside the empire. The particular object of the Dual Monarchy was to gain political control over the Balkan Peninsula, where nationalist movements were rife and were always giving encouragement to the nationalist movements within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The centre of the nationalist movements in the Balkans was Serbia. Serbia always hoped to unite with the Serbs in the Austro-Hungarian Empire so as to create a large Serbian state. Therefore the first enemy of Austria-Hungary from 1871 to 1914 was Serbia. Besides Serbia, Austria-Hungary also hated Russia because Russia, being a Slav country, always backed up Serbia in any Austro-Serbian disputes

-how many different countries do you see here? 10 -how do you think nationalism affected autria-hungary? -what present day country can you compare this empire to.

__Summary :__
There were two kinds of nationalism in 19th Century Europe: -the desire of subject peoples for independence - It led to a series of national struggles for independence among the Balkan peoples. Other powers got involved and caused much instability. - the desire of independent nations for dominance and prestige - As the powers try to dominate each other in Europe, their rivalries may be regarded as one of the causes of the First World War.

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